RADAR an Inbuilding RFbased user location and tracking一种基于无线射频的用户定位与跟踪.pptVIP

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RADAR an Inbuilding RFbased user location and tracking一种基于无线射频的用户定位与跟踪.ppt

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RADAR an Inbuilding RFbased user location and tracking一种基于无线射频的用户定位与跟踪

RADAR: an In-building RF-based user location and tracking system Telvis Calhoun Wireless Sensor Networks CSC8908-005 Dr. Li 8/27/2008 Overview Goal Track indoor objects using WIFI (802.11b) Experiment 3 base stations and 1 mobile node in an indoor environment. Results Authors show they can track objects within 2-3 meters. Other Indoor Tracking Methods Wide-Area Cellular Systems Angle of Arrival (AOA) Time difference of arrival (TDOA) Not useful indoors due to RF reflections Infrared Techniques Scales poorly due to limited range of IR Installation and maintenance costs. Poor performance in direct sunlight. RADAR Uses RF signal strength (SS) from multiple receiver locations to triangulate the user’s coordinates. Can be used for location aware applications. Detect nearest printer Authors examine empirical and RF model technique Test Environment 3 Base Stations 10500 sq ft Lucent WaveLAN cards. 200m/50m/25m range for open/semi-open/closed areas. Empirical Data Collection Mobile host 4 UDP packets per second with 6-byte payload. Each base station records the signal strength with timestamp (t, bs, ss) User indicates current location on mobile application Store orientation since it causes variation in detected signal. Mobile node records (t,x,y,d) Data collection phase repeated for 70 distinct locations for 4-directions. Generate Signal Information Merge Data Merge data from 3 base stations and mobile node. Generate tuple (x, y, d, ss(i), snr(i)) where i is the base station ID. Determine closest matches. Use multi-dimensional search algorithm to compare off-line and on-line data. Calculate building layout Cohen-Sutherland line-clipping algorithm to compute the number of walls that obstructed direct line of sight base stations and locations. Analysis Convert physical space to signal space (ss1,ss2,ss3) Nearest Neighbor in Signal Space (NNSS) using Euclidean distance. Comparison Empirical Method is more accurate than other tracking methods. K-nearest neighbors Ave