Protein Folding OpenWetWare蛋白折叠OpenWetWare.pptVIP

Bioluminescence What is it? Light as a result of a chemical reaction Common examples: fireflies, anglerfish, mushrooms Luminescent bacteria: basic luminescent organism to work with The Mechanism Light produced by oxidation of luciferin catalyzed by luciferase in the presence of ATP Luciferin, when oxidized, degrades to coelenteramide and releases energy in the form of a photon Luciferin, luciferase general terms Little to no heat loss Why use bioluminescence? Aspects that make bioluminescence helpful to work with Luciferase genes can be inserted into organisms The reaction uses ATP, provides a useful gauge of ATP concentration Produces light! What has been done? Genes have been synthesized, inserted into mice, silkworms, potatoes, monkey cells Luciferase gene modification Gene contains 6 introns, all 60 bases Has been modified to express 2x luciferase /articlerender.fcgi?artid=365129 Detection of living Salmonella cells /pubmedGloFish Bioluminescent assays Targets such as kinases, proteases, apoptosis Detection of ATP allows analysis of cell metabolism and enzymatic processes /pubmedWhole animal imaging Different types of cells (bone marrow stem cells, T-cells) can express firefly luciferase Allows imaging; can be used to track tumor development /cgi/content/abstract/63/21/7042 /pnotes/100/16620_22/16620_22.pdf Ideas Crazy Solar-powered light sources Plants already create ATP from photosynthesis Could use ATP for luminescence at night Applications include city lighting, nightlights Christmas lights, art Living houses? Fab tree hab? Interesting Modify bacteria to monitor chemical levels Bioluminescent bacteria (e.coli) modified to be selective towards certain toxins Luminometer returns toxin levels Useful for environmental toxin monitoring Interesting Detect presence of certain chemicals (harmful, maybe pollutants?) Insert luciferase gene into an organism that thrives under and indicates certain conditions (ie algae and phosphorus?) Saf