Radioactive Decay Laws University of Notre Dame放射性衰变定律圣母大学.pptVIP

The Development of Nuclear Science The Development of Scientific Thought in the 20th Century The new radiating material Applications for Radioactivity Applications Radium Dials Explanation of natural radioactivity The radioactive decay law 1st example: 22Na radioactive decay laws 2nd example: Radioactive Decay The first step: E=m·c2 Example: Mass-Energy The discovery of the neutron The model of the nucleus Modern Picturenuclide chart Energy in Nuclei Nuclear Potential Nuclear Binding Energy Example: Nuclear Binding Energy Nuclear Energy possible through fission and fusion * From 1900 - 1939 Discovery study of radioactivity 1898 Marie .Pierre Curie Introduction of quantum concept 1900 Max Planck h Theory of special relativity 1905 Albert Einstein E=m·c2 Quantization of light (photoelectric effect) 1905 Albert Einstein E=h·? Discovery of atomic nucleus 1911 Ernest Rutherford Interpretation of atom structure 1913 Nils Bohr Particle waves 1924 Louis de Broglie Wave mechanics 1925 Erwin Schr?dinger Uncertainty principle 1927 Werner Heisenberg Discovery of Neutron 1932 James Chadwick Artificial Radioactivity (Reactions) 1934 Frederic Joliot Irene Curie Discovery of fission 1938 Otto Hahn, Fritz Strassmann Interpretation of fission 1938 Liese Meitner, Otto Frisch Prediction of thermonuclear fusion 1939 C.F. v. Weizs?cker, H. Bethe ?x·?p=? Radioactive material such as Uranium - first discovered by Henri Becquerel – was studied extensively by Marie and Pierre Curie. They discovered other natural radioactive elements such as Radium and Polonium. Nobel Prize 1903 and 1911! Unit of radioactivity: The activity of 1g Ra = 1Ci = 3.7·1010 decays/s 1Bq = 1 decay/s Discovery triggered a unbounded enthusiasm and led to a large number of medical and industrial applications Popular products included radioactive toothpaste for cleaner teeth and better digestion, face cream to lighten the skin; radioactive hair tonic, supposit