Review of Hardy Weinberg Brigham Young 杨百翰Hardy温伯格评论.pptVIP

Contemplate the wonders of the age in which we live, this greatest of all ages in the history of humanity. More inventions and scientific discoveries have been made during my lifetime than in all the previous centuries of human history combined. This is the remarkable function of the efforts of thinking men and women who have applied their inquisitive and dedicated thought processes in the fields of medicine, industrial safety, hygiene and sanitary measures, chemistry, and research in genetics, microbiology, the environment, and other disciplines, all involving the processes of the human mind. How can we help but be grateful for such miracles? Gordon B. Hinckley Standing for Something pg.92 Review of Hardy Weinberg Here is what you need to know already. When working with one polymorphic gene There are only two alleles, A and a, possible for a gene locus. Let the original A allele frequency be represented by p and the original a allele frequency be represented by q Possible genotypes are: AA; Aa; aa AA = p2 Aa = 2pq aa= q2 In any population the frequencies of p + q =1.0 Genotype frequencies can be represented as p2+2pq+q2=1.0 Allele frequencies can be calculated from genotype frequencies as follow: A = p = p2 + ? (2pq) (see 79) a = q = q2 + ? (2pq) Only in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium we can also calculate genotype frequencies from allele frequencies Genotypic frequencies = AA or p2 = (p x p); Aa or 2pq= (2 x p x q); and aa or q2 = (q x q) A gene pool The sum total of all alleles for all genes which exist in a population. This means that genotype numbers can be used to calculate allele frequencies. Example:in a population of 100 people (with 200 alleles):36 are AA; 48 are Aa; 16 are aa. How many A alleles are in this population’s gene pool? _____ How many a alleles?_____ (36*2)+48)= 120 A alleles so A frequency =120 A /200 total alleles= .6 (16*2) +48 = 80 a alleles so a frequency =80 a /200 total alleles= .4 Hardy Weinberg Conclusion