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The Descriptive Grammar as aMetaDatabase描述语法作为一个元数据库
The Descriptive Grammar as a (Meta)Database Jeff Good University of Pittsburgh and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Structure of Presentation Discuss major features found in four descriptive grammars surveyed for this paper Discuss special features particular to each of the grammars Propose a conceptual model for the structure of the information found in descriptive grammars Propose a basic XML representation of that model The Grammars Surveyed A “best practice” grammar Haspelmath’s (1993) Lezgian Grammar (Northeast Caucasian/Nakh-Daghestanian) A subcommunity grammar Maganga and Schadeberg’s (1992) Kinyamwezi Grammar (Bantu) A Lingua Questionnaire grammar Huttar and Huttar’s (1994) Ndyuka Grammar (Atlantic creole) A “legacy” grammar Williamson’s (1965) Ijaw Grammar (Niger-Congo) Four common features Nested, labeled sections Descriptive prose Exemplars Reference to multiple ontologies A fifth feature: “Structured description” See Penton, Bow, Bird, and Hughes “Towards a General Model for Linguistic Paradigms” Sections Like most relatively long documents, grammars are divided into marked sections Sections can be nested inside other sections The content of sections tends to be partially standardized (e.g., most grammars will have a sections on consonants, vowels, basic sentence structure, etc.) Sections typically are associated with a label and often with a title Sectioning can also be sensitive to ontologies Ndyuka Grammar Sections Lezgian Grammar Sections Ontologies Descriptive grammars make extensive use of multiple ontologies (i.e., structured sets of categories) Three kinds of ontologies General (assumed to be understood by the entire linguistics community) Subcommunity (assumed to be understood by a well-defined subcommunity of linguists) Local (only taken to be meaningful in the context of the particular language being des
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