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The Effective Reader by D有效的读者. J. Henry
The Effective Reader(Updated Edition)by D. J. Henry Chapter 11: Inferences PowerPoint Presentation by Gretchen Starks-Martin St. Cloud State University, MN Inferences An inference or conclusion is an idea that is suggested by the facts or details in a passage or picture. A valid inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. What are the emotions shown in this picture? Thinking Through Inferences A common pitfall is to rely too much on opinions and bias. An effective reader’s goal is to find out what the author is saying, stating, or implying. An invalid conclusion is a false inference that is not based on the details, or facts in the text or on reasonable thinking. The VALID Approach to Inferences Step 1: Verify and value the facts. Step 2: Assess prior knowledge. Step 3: Learn from the text. Step 4: Investigate for bias. Step 5: Detect contradictions. Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts. Korea has long been known as the “Eastern Land of Courtesy.” When happy, a Korean simply smiles or gently touches the one who brings the happiness. When angry, a Korean simply stares directly at the person, and that person’s humble smile is a powerful apology. What are the valid inferences? Koreans are quiet and reserved people. Koreans show their emotions. Koreans are afraid of hurting the feelings of other people. Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts. Korea has long been known as the “Eastern Land of Courtesy.” When happy, a Korean simply smiles or gently touches the one who brings the happiness. When angry, a Korean simply stares directly at the person, and that person’s humble smile is a powerful apology. What are the valid inferences? Koreans are quiet and reserved people. Koreans show their emotions. Koreans are afraid of hurting the feelings of other people. Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts. What can be inferred from the picture? The baseball player feels angry. The
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