TISSUE ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS AND TOOLS 组织工程基础与工具.pptVIP

BME MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS LABORATORY125:315 SOFT TISSUE MECHANICS DAVID SHREIBER WHY STUDY SOFT TISSUE MECHANICS? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANICAL FUNCTION OF TISSUES? Obviously, prior to implantation, a replacement must be able to meet the structural requirements necessary to perform its mechanical function. Make sure bioartificial ligament is strong enough to support loads In many, if not all, cases you must be careful not to “exceed” the requirements. In typical engineering mechanics, we include “safety factors” that overestimate the structural integrity of the device, typically by at least a factor of 2.5-3. This may not be appropriate for bioengineering bioartificial tissues. What might happen if we implanted a ligament that was 3X as stiff as a normal ligament? Can you think of other examples where the “correct” mechanical properties (not too weak/compliant, not too strong/stiff) are necessary to ensure long term function? IN VIVO FLOW PREDICTIONS MECHANOTRANSDUCTION CRITICAL QUESTIONS What kinds of loads will the tissue experience in vivo? What dictates the mechanical response of the tissue? What happens if the tissue/cells experience abnormal loading conditions? WHAT MAKES BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS DIFFERENT THAN “TRADITIONAL” ENGINEERING MATERIALS? HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A “TYPICAL” MATERIAL? HOW DO WE DESCRIBE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A “TYPICAL” MATERIAL? TYPICAL BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE NON-LINEAR ELASTICITY FIBERS ARE STRONG IN TENSION CRIMP AND ELASTICITY MULTIPLE COMPONENTS TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN? HOW CAN YOU DESCRIBE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES? CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS In mechanics, a “law” that describes the fundamental response of a class of materials. Each material in a class may have unique properties, but they all follow the same law. Example: Stress = Young’s Modulus x strain This is a constitutive law that describes homogeneous, isotropic, linear elast