Words floating on the surface of sound change声音的表面浮动.pptVIP

Return to the Obvious: the Ubiquity of Categorical Rules /~labov The Neogrammarian viewpoint The lexical diffusion viewpoint A proposed resolution A proposed role of word frequency How frequency affects the rate of change Factor weights for grammatical status group in -t,d deletion in Philadelphia [N=6097] Factor weights for frequency group in -t,d deletion in Philadelphia [N=6097] Range for -t,d deletion factor groups in Philadelphia [N=6097] Lexical regularity. . . The English Great Vowel shift RSCEDD /I/ close The fronting of /ow/ in North America Fronting of /ow/ in North America Distribution of /ow/ vowels for all of North America. [N=8313].Vowels before /l/ are shown in black [N=1577]. Absence of fronting of Vw in vowel system of Alex S., 42, Providence, RI TS 474. Fronting of Vw in the vowel system of Danica L., 37, Columbus, OH, TS 737. Fronting of /ow/ of Fay M., 41 [1995], Lexington KY TS 283 /ow/ for six Telsur speakers from Columbus OH 34 most frequent /ow/ words in the Brown and Telsur corpora Surviving regression coefficients in both halves of a random split in the /ow/ tokens [even = 3927, odd = 3869] Distribution of no [N=348, yellow] and know [N=630, blue] in F1/F2 space Fronting of /ow/ for words before /l/ and others for all of North America and for the Southeast (South and Midland). Words selected by regression analysis at p .001 level as ahead of phonological prediction, light blue; behind, yellow. Is home a lexical exception to the fronting of /ow/? /ow/ for six Telsur speakers from Columbus OH Is home a lexical exception to the fronting of /ow/? The /h_m/ effect on the fronting of /ow/ Provisional conclusions on the role of frequency and lexical membership * W. Labov, U. of Pennsylvania Panel on Usage-based and rule based approaches to phonological variation SS17 Amsterdam March 4, 2008 Every sound change, inasmuch as it occurs mechanically, takes place according to laws that admit no exception. --Ostoff and Brugmann 1878 Sound-c