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The Structural Study of Myth(Claude Levi-Strauss) 张秀琴 1031701026 Claude Levi-Strauss（克劳德 列维-斯特劳 斯) 是法国结构主义文学理论家。 代表作有《语言学与人类学的结构分析 》《结构人类学》《野性的思维》等等。 Claude Levi-Strauss is influenced by Saussure who is the recognized founder of modern linguistics and structuralism, especially by the concept of “langue” and “parole”. 神话的“langue”和“parole” “神话素”及其结构系统 神话的“langue”和“parole” Saussure ①Parole: the individual utterance 言语：日常具体情境中进行的个体语言活动，比如说出来的话和写下来的句子，是一种个体行为。 ②Langue: the language regulated by linguistic “rules” or conventions to be observed by every member of the community. 语言：存在于人们头脑中的词汇系统和语法系统，是语言活动的社会性部分。 Langue Parole 规则 具体棋局 启发列维-斯特劳斯在神话研究中另辟蹊径：神话模式研究 神话模式研究 Observing findings: ㈠ Myth is no logic, no continuity. （无逻辑，无连贯性） ㈡ Astounding similarity between myths collected in widely different regions.（惊人的相似性） 表面上，是各民族的一种随意创造； 根本上，同人类的语言活动一样，都来自一个共同的人类思维的普遍基础。 这一基础形成了神话的结构系统，因而使表面十分零乱，缺乏连贯，没有逻辑的神话具有了惊人的相似性。 神话与语言相联系 “Parole”: 神话各自单独的具体表述 “langue”: 整个神话的基本结构系统 “神话素”及其结构系统 gross constituent units or mythemes （神话素）on the sentence level 简要概括：把神话分割成一个个小的关系单位，然后仿照语言学中音素概念，把这些小的关系单位合成一束束的关系，称之为“神话素”. Example: Oedipus myth Cadmos seeks his sister, Europa, ravished by Zeus Oedipus marries his mother, Jocasta Antigone buries her brother, Polynices, despite prohibition Overrating of blood relations The Spartoi kill one another Oedipus kills his father, Laios Eteocles kills his brother, Polynices Underrating of blood relations Cadoms kills the dragon Oedipus kills the Sphinx Monsters being slain Labdacos (Laios’ father ) ＝lame(?) Laios (Oedipuss father) ＝left-sided(?) Oedipus ＝swollen-foot(?) Difficulties in walking straight and standing upright Conclusion: The myth has to do with the inability, for culture which holds the belief that mankind is autochthonous(土生土长的),to find a satisfactory transition