PPT非谓语动词.ppt

English Grammar Non-Predicate Verbs（非谓语动词） 英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类： 1. 不定式：infinitive 2. 动名词：gerund 3. 分词： participle ｛现在分词： present participle 过去分词： past participle ｝ 1. 不定式：infinitive Form Usage Omission of “ to” to do(not to do) 一般式（否定） to be doing 进行式 主动 to have done 完成式 to have been doing 完成进行式 to be done 一般式 被动 to have been done 完成式 Usage 1 subject（主语） 2 predicative（表语） 3 object（宾语） 4 attribute（定语） 5 adverbial（状语） 6 complement（补足语） It takes sb. ＋some time ＋不定式 It costs sb. ＋money＋不定式 2. ＊复合结构： for sb. to do sth. It is + adj./n. + for/of sb. to do sth. 当形容词为表示“性格特征或行为表现”的形容词时，介词用of，如kind, wrong, polite, wise… ＊as object He loved to listen to music. I find it difficult to speak English fluently. ＊特殊疑问词+不定式 介词+特殊疑问词+不定式 Where to stay has not been decided yet. （S.） She doesn’t know what to do.（O. of v.） He had no idea of how to do.（O. of prep.） 疑问词包括how, what, where, when, whether, whom, why等 I ask him where to get this book.（O.C.） The question is which to choose.（P.） 能一以这种结构作宾语的动词有：know, see, show,tell, teach, wonder, imagine, understand,explain等 ＊as adverbial of purpose I started early (so as) / (in order) to get there before dark. so as to 和 in order to 是不定式的强调形式 so as (not) to用在句中 in order (not) to 用在句中或句首 ＊As object complement China expects everyone to do his duty. I could make them understand me. ﹡omission of “to” 1 set phrase 2 set structure 3 sentence with special conjunction or preposition 4 as predicative 7 cannot choose but （只得） 8 cannot help but （不得不） cannot help + doing 9 can but = can only （只得，充其量不过）eg Gerund Form Usage Testing Structure Usage 1 subject 2 predicative 3 object 4 attribute require, resent, recall, tolerate, appreciate, stop, … approach to doing, be busy doing, object to doing, feel like doing, can’t help doing, pr