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On the use of AC electrowetting for biosensing based on dynamic contact angle.pdf

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On the use of AC electrowetting for biosensing based on dynamic contact angle.pdf

Sensors and Actuators B 236 (2016) 849–857 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical journal homepage: /locate/snb On the use of AC electrowetting for biosensing based on dynamic contact angle Laurent Davoust a,b,?, Carolina Abs da Cruz a, Johannes Theisen b a Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), SIMaP, Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (EPM) Group, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France b Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SIMaP, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France article info Article history: Received 12 October 2015 Received in revised form 19 January 2016 Accepted 20 February 2016 Available online 2 March 2016 Keywords: EWOD Aging Streaming Bovine serum albumin Contact angle Surface tension Biofouling Label-free Micro?uidics abstract A model system based on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-laden drop is selected. AC ElectroWetting-OnDielectrics (EWOD), increasingly used in digital micro?uidics for medical assays, is implemented in coplanar con?guration. The moderate frequency required by EWOD actuation enables shape oscillations of the BSA-laden sessile drop and promotes internal micro-streaming. The non-reversible impact of EWOD-induced micro-streaming upon surface pressures is investigated. In contrast to the liquid–gas drop surface where thermodynamical equilibrium is instantaneously achieved, the adsorption of BSA molecules at the lubricated solid substrate can be characterized by a time-dependent solid–liquid surface pressure. As demonstrated from dynamic contact angle (DCA) imaging, adsorption of BSA is promoted under AC EWOD. A signi?cant dependence of the solid–liquid surface pressure on the resonant capillary frequencies is observed: for a large enough actuation frequency corresponding to an oscillating mode, n = 6, numerical simulations are performed which show that corner eddies located in the Stuart boundary layer, near the oscillating contact line, yield an ef?cient molecular renewal. In this way, oscillating EWOD could