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Spin current induced by a charged tip in a quantum point contact.pdf

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Spin current induced by a charged tip in a quantum point contact.pdf

Physica B 509 (2017) 36–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physica B journal homepage: /locate/physb Spin current induced by a charged tip in a quantum point contact B.S. Shchamkhalova Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Moscow District 141190, Russia MARK ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Quantum point contact Scanning probe microscopy Spin current ABSTRACT We show that the charged tip of the probe microscope, which is widely used in studying the electron transport in low-dimensional systems, induces a spin current. The e?ect is caused by the spin–orbit interaction arising due to an electric ?eld produced by the charged tip. The tip acts as a spin-?ip scatterer giving rise to the spin polarization of the net current and the occurrence of a spin density in the system. 1. Introduction Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is a powerful technique to study electron transport in two-dimensional (2D) systems. SGM images obtained by scanning a negatively charged probe tip near the surface and measuring the conductance of the quantum point contact (QPC) as a function of the tip position are used to map out the electron ?ow emanating from the QPC and to get information about local potential [1–6]. Two e?ects of the charged tip, namely a gating e?ect by modifying electrostatic potential in the structure and interference e?ects due to backscattering of electrons passing through the constriction, are widely studied. Phase-sensitive measurements of the zero-bias anomaly in QPC conductance were carried by Brun et al. [7] using scanning gate microscope to create an electron interferometer. Spin phenomena in 2D systems, in particular spin–orbit interaction (SOI) that can be used to control electron spin by electric ?eld, have attracted much interest recently. Basic symmetry relations for the spin dependent scattering parameters in two-terminal quantum waveguide with Rashba SOI were derived in Ref. [8,9]. In papers [10–13] elect