User interface for a better eye contact in videoconferencing.pdfVIP

Displays 46 (2017) 25–36 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Displays journal homepage: /locate/displa User interface for a better eye contact in videoconferencing q Ale? Jaklicˇ, Franc Solina, Luka ?ajn ? Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Vecˇna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia article info Article history: Received 5 June 2016 Received in revised form 17 October 2016 Accepted 16 December 2016 Available online 25 December 2016 Keywords: Videoconferencing Eye contact Human-computer interface abstract When people talk to each other, eye contact is very important for a trustful and ef?cient communication. Video-conferencing systems were invented to enable such communication over large distances, recently using mostly Internet and personal computers. Despite low cost of such solutions, a broader acceptance and use of these communication means has not happened yet. One of the most important reasons for this situation is that it is almost impossible to establish eye contact between distant parties on the most common hardware con?gurations of such videoconferencing systems, where the camera for face capture is usually mounted above the computer monitor, where the face of the correspondent is observed. Different hardware and software solutions to this problem of missing eye contact have been proposed over the years. In this article we propose a simple solution that can improve the subjective feeling of eye contact, which is based on how people perceive 3D scenes displayed on slanted surfaces, and offer some experiments in support of the hypothesis. ó 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Videoconferencing enables people to communicate face-to-face over remote distances using video and audio telecommunication technology. First videoconferencing systems appeared already in the late 1930s when television was invented. In 1970 ATT launched the Picturephone service convinced that a video phone would be a huge commerci