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The precession phase of the boreal summer monsoon as viewed from the eastern Mediterranean (ODP Site 968).pdf

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The precession phase of the boreal summer monsoon as viewed from the eastern Mediterranean (ODP Site 968).pdf

Quaternary Science Reviews 29 (2010) 1481e1490 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: /locate/quascirev The precession phase of the boreal summer monsoon as viewed from the eastern Mediterranean (ODP Site 968) M. Ziegler a,*, E. Tuenter b, L.J. Lourens a a Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands b Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands article info Article history: Received 31 July 2009 Received in revised form 16 March 2010 Accepted 17 March 2010 abstract The astronomical timescale of the Eastern Mediterranean PlioePleistocene builds on tuning of sapropel layers to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation maxima. A 3000-year precession lag has become instrumental in the tuning procedure as radiocarbon dating revealed that the midpoint of the youngest sapropel, S1, in the early Holocene occurred approximately 3000 years after the insolation maximum. The origin of the time lag remains elusive, however, because sapropels are generally linked to maximum African monsoon intensities and transient climate modeling results indicate an in-phase behavior of the African monsoon relative to precession forcing. Here we present new high-resolution records of bulk sediment geochemistry and benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes from ODP Site 968 in the Eastern Mediterranean. We show that the 3000-year precession time lag of the sapropel midpoints is consistent with (1) the global marine isotope chronology, (2) maximum (monsoonal) precipitation conditions in the Mediterranean region and China derived from radiometrically dated speleothem records, and (3) maximum atmospheric methane concentrations in Antarctica ice cores. We show that the time lag relates to the occurrence of precession-paced North Atlantic cold events, which systematically delayed the onset of strong boreal summer monsoon intensity. Our ?ndings may also explain a non-st