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Statistics of planar graphs viewed from a vertex a study via labeled trees.pdf
Nuclear Physics B 675 [FS] (2003) 631–660 /locate/npe
Statistics of planar graphs viewed from a vertex: a study via labeled trees
J. Bouttier, P. Di Francesco, E. Guitter
Service de Physique Théorique, CEA/DSM/SPhT, Unité de recherche associée au CNRS, CEA/Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
Received 28 July 2003; accepted 23 September 2003
Abstract We study the statistics of edges and vertices in the vicinity of a reference vertex (origin) within
random planar quadrangulations and Eulerian triangulations. Exact generating functions are obtained for theses graphs with ?xed numbers of edges and vertices at given geodesic distances from the origin. Our analysis relies on bijections with labeled trees, in which the labels encode the information on the geodesic distance from the origin. In the case of in?nitely large graphs, we give in particular explicit formulas for the probabilities that the origin have given numbers of neighboring edges and/or vertices, as well as explicit values for the corresponding moments. ? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 02.10.Eb; 05.50.+q
1. Introduction
The study of random planar graphs is a subject of interest in several areas of physics, ranging from two-dimensional quantum gravity, where planar graphs provide a natural discretization of space–time, to soft condensed matter where they can be used, for instance, to model ?uid membranes. By random planar graphs, we mean here graphs embedded in the plane (or in the two-dimensional sphere), also referred to as fatgraphs in the physics literature or maps in mathematics.
E-mail addresses: bouttier@spht.saclay.cea.fr (J. Bouttier), philippe@spht.saclay.cea.fr (P. Di Francesco), guitter@spht.saclay.cea.fr (E. Guitter). 0550-3213/$ – see front matter ? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2003.09.046
632 J. Bouttier et al. / Nuclear Physics B 675 [FS] (2003) 631–660
The statistical properties of random planar graphs have been studied by various techni
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