【三年试题精选】2014高考英语语法专题精讲精练：定语从句（含详解） .docVIP

语法专题一　定语从句 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词，它们在先行词和定语从句之间起引导作用，在意义上代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一个成分。其基本解题方法是：第一，找出先行词；第二，看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分，作主语、宾语、表语或定语时要用关系代词，如果作状语，则要选用关系副词；第三，看先行词是否为特殊词，然后根据需要选用合适的关系词。考点一　关系代词与关系副词的区别 关系代词有who，whom，which，that和whose，另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when，where和why，在定语从句中充当状语。 1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about just now. 3．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The book which he gave me is very interesting. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 5．whose可指人或物，修饰名词或代词，在定语从句中充当定语。“whose＋名词”可改为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”或“of which/whom the＋名词”。 The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.＝The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles. 6．as可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1)引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有as，the same，so，such修饰，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，关系代词要用as。 It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作work out的宾语) 注意：①so/such...that结构中，that引导结果状语从句，只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分。 It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语，that只起连接作用) ②This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行词作从句中的地点状语，故要用关系副词where；as仅在句子缺少关系代词时使用。) 2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容，从句中常用的谓语动词为see，say，hear，expect，know，report等，常译为“正如，正像”，其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。 As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China. Avatar is a very successful film，as is known to us all. 7．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词time，day，week，year，month等。常用on which，in which，at which，during which等代替。 I still remember the day when (on which) we first met. 8．where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。可以用“介词＋关系代词”代替。 The house where (in which) he lives is near the river. 9．why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。 Tell me the reason why (for which) you came late. 方法技巧： 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 考点二　关系代词必须用that的情况 1．