解决问题方法论经典实用课件：问题解决能力与技巧培训概要.ppt

* Speaker抯 Notes A problem definition requires a grasp of the situation. Some questions to ask are: 问题字义需要掌握现状，询问一些问题，如： What do you actually know?你实际上知道什么？ Do you know enough to decide what it makes sense to do?你知道的足以决定该做什么吗？ Can you see what is happening?你清楚发生了什么吗？ What should be happening?它应该是怎样的？ Can you break the problem down into smaller problems?你能将问题分解成细节部分吗？ The problem definition should contain: 问题定义应包括： The standard, the deviation, and the time period. 标准、偏差和持续时间 EXAMPLE: Write on the board. Miles/per/Gallon Standard = 26 每英里/加伦 标准=26 Deviation = 16 偏差=16 Acceleration Standard = 0-60 in 15 seconds 加速 标准=15秒内0.6 Deviation =0-60 in 22 seconds 偏差= 22秒内0.6 Time Period = Last two weeks 持续时间 =前两周 Identifying the problem requires getting the facts first hand. Go and See?is very important for problem solving. 定义问题需要得到第一手的论据。到现场查看？这对问题解决来说很重要。 Some problems are very difficult to get a handle on because they are very large or complex. In these cases we should break down the problem into parts.有些问题由于非常大或复杂而很难找到好方法来展开，因此我们应把问题分解成细分的部分。 Overhead * A temporary solution to stop the problem from exiting the area. Containment action usually adds necessary extra work (= waste) to the process.用一个暂性的解决方法使区域内存在的问题停止发生。包容措施行为在问题解决过程中通常增加必要的超额工作（=浪费）。 Establish containment actions and verify that the containment actions are effective.建立包容措施行动计划并确认它是有效的。 Once a problem is identified, immediately implement a temporary containment action. Such as fixing an unsafe situation, setting up temporary rework, performing manual backup, and so on.一旦问题被确定，立即采取一个暂时性包容措施行动，像是整改非安全情形、临时的返工、手册文件备份等。 Short-Term containment is a band-aid. It will stop the problem from leaving the process or contain it within a predetermined area.短期包容措施是一个权宜之计，它将使过程中的问题停止发生或在预先确定的区域内得到抑制。 Its purpose is to contain the problem and protect the customer (capture / identify the suspect material/