浅谈矩阵的秩及其应用定稿.docVIP

山西师范大学本科毕业论文 浅谈矩阵的秩及其应用 姓 名 李欢 院 系 数学与计算机科学学院 专 业 数学与应用数学 班 级 学 号 0751010125 指导教师 张富荣 答辩日期 2010.12.20 成 绩  浅谈矩阵的秩及其应用 内容摘要 矩阵理论，在线性代数中占有十分重要的地位。而在矩阵理论中，矩阵的秩又是一个十分重要的概念，它是矩阵的一个数量特征，而且初等变换不改变矩阵的秩，是初等变换下的不变量。矩阵的秩与矩阵是否可逆，线性方程组的解得情况等都有密切的关系。 论文开头介绍了矩阵的秩，矩阵的行秩和列秩以及与矩阵有关的常见的命题和定理，部分定理并给出证明。第二部分介绍了计算矩阵的两种计算方法，求非零子式的最高级数法和初等变换法，并对其优劣进行比较。在矩阵的运算过程中，矩阵的秩存在某些关系，熟练地掌握这些关系对解有关矩阵的习题很有帮助。最后详细地介绍了矩阵的秩与线性方程组解的个数之间的关系，并将其应用到解析几何中,判断空间两直线位置关系。 本论文主要将矩阵的秩这一重要概念的相关内容及其相关定理的证明详细给出，并在一些具体题目中加以应用。 【关键词】矩阵 矩阵的秩 线性方程组 非零子式的最高级数 初等变换 A Brief Introduction on the rank of Matrix and the Application of the rank of Matrix Abstract In matrix theory, rank of matrix is an important concept. It is a matrix of number of characteristics, and it is invariant under elementary transformations. Rank of matrix may have a close relationship with the solution of linear equations. At the beginning, the paper presents the concept of rank of matrix, the matrix row rank and column rank, and the common matrix-related theorems. And some theorems are given proof. The second section of the paper describes two methods for calculating the rank of matrix, one is seeking the highest grade of the non-zero minor, and the other is elementary transformation. And it compares their advantages and disadvantages. In the process of matrix computation, there are some important relations about the matrix rank .If we have a good understanding about these relations, it will be very helpful. Finally, it has a detail description on the application of the rank of matrix, especially the relationship between the rank of matrix and the solution of linear equations. In this paper, it contains some important concepts related to the rank of matrix, the proof and some specific application. 【Key Words】 matrix rank of matrix linear equations the highest grade of the non-zero minor elementary transformation