园艺专业英语考试重点知识汇总.doc

Lesson 1 The History and the Development of Protected Cultivation 保护地栽培（设施栽培）的历史与发展 It includes a discussion of protected cropping in cold-and hot-framesglass clocheslean-to houseswinter gardensorangeriesconservatories and glasshouses in their varied formsand plastic-clad plant enclosures of all sizes ranging from low tunnelswalk-in tunnelsto large plastic houses  它包括一系列利用冷床、温床、玻璃罩、单屋顶温室、冬季花园、橘园、暖房和不同形式的玻璃温室和塑料覆盖，包括小拱棚、中棚（人能在其中行走）和塑料大棚中对园艺作物进行保护性种植的讨论。 the greenhouse is defined as a transparent enclosure designed to grow or temporarily protect plantsThus the definition does not include enclosures for growing mushrooms or tissue cultures. 温室定义为：旨在生长和临时保护作物的透明覆盖物。因而这个定义不包括食用菌和组织培养的设施 Chinese plant culture may have included greenhouses thataccording to traditiongo back to antiquityA Chinese greenhouse consisted of a brick wall oriented east-west. On its southern side, a transparent surface consisting of bamboo sticks covered with oiled paper was placed at an angle 30。-40。to the horizontalDuring the daythe brick wall became heated by the sun and at night it released its heatIn additionat night the paper window was covered by rush mats which acted as thermal insulation. Similar simple greenhouses are in use todayand it is claimed that they increase the night temperature by up to 6℃ 中国传统的作物栽培很有可能已经包括温室，并且可以追溯到远古。中国温室包括东西走向的砖墙。南边是用竹竿支撑、上面覆盖油毡纸的透明覆盖物，与地面成30-40°。白天，墙体吸收太阳热量，晚上放热。另外，夜间在纸窗上加盖草帘隔热。这种简易温室至今仍在应用，据称它能将夜温提高6℃。 Heating and carbon-dioxide fertilization of hotbed through the decomposition of mixtures of horse manure and plant residues was widely used in the Netherlands at the beginning of the last centuryand remained the common way for growing cucumbers and melons until horses were replaced by tractors in the years after the Second World War 在十九世纪初荷兰就广泛运用分解马粪和植物残渣来给温床加热和CO2施肥，并一直沿用这种常规方法栽培黄瓜和甜瓜中，直到二战结束后的几年里，当马被拖拉机所取代（没有马粪可以使用）。 2cold-and hot-frame阳畦和温床 6conservatory温室 8tunnel拱棚low tunnel小拱棚walk-in tunnel 中拱棚large plastic