SixthEdChap6.pptVIP

6.0 Introduction The production system is a model of computation that has proved particularly important in AI, both for implementing search algorithms and for modeling human problem solving. A production system provides pattern-directed control of a problem-solving process and consists of a set of production rules, a working memory, and a recognize-act control cycle. 6.2.1 Definition 6.2.2 Examples of Production Systems Example 6.2.1: The 8-Puzzle, Revisited 6.2.2 Examples of Production Systems Example 6.2.2: The Knight’s Tour Problem In the game of chess, a knight can move two squares either horizontally or vertically followed by one square in an orthogonal direction as long as it does not move off the board. There are thus at most eight moves that the knight may make. As traditionally defined, the knight’s tour problem attempts to find a series of legal moves in which the knight lands on each square of the chessboard exactly once. The example we use in this chapter is a simplified version of the knight from one square to another on a reduced-size (3×3) chessboard. ?X path(X, X) ?X, Y [path(X, Y) ← ?Z[move(X, Z) ∧ path(Z, Y) ]] ?X path(X, X) ?X, Y [path(X, Y) ← ?Z move(X, Z) ∧ ﹁ (been(Z)) ∧ assert(been(Z)) ∧ path(Z, Y) ]] 6.2.3 Control of Search in Production Systems Control through Choice of Data-Driven or Goal-Driven Search Strategy Figure 6.9 presents a simple data-driven search on a set of productions expressed as propositional calculus implications. The conflict resolution strategy is a simple one of choosing the enabled rule that has fired least recently(or not at all); in the event of ties, the first rule is chosen. Execution halts when a goal is reached. Control of Search through Rule Structure Control of Search through Conflict Resolution George F Luger ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 6th edition Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving Building Control Algorithms For State Space Search. 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Production Systems 6.2 The Blackboard A