book1 grammar unit 1-2直接引语.docVIP

Unit 1 Friendship Grammar 直接引语(Direct speech)与间接引语(Indirect speech) I. 定义：引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在双引号内, 这叫直接引语(Direct speech); 二是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech). 如：1. Mr. Li said ,“I am from China. ” -------直接引语 Mr. Li said that he was from China. --------间接引语 2. “Do you like English?” Tom asked me. -------直接引语 Tom asked me if/whether I liked English. --------间接引语 II. 由直接引语变为间接引语时通常需注意四个变化，即：时态变化、人称代词或指示代词 变化、状语变化（时间状语、地点状语）和句型变化（陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句） 1).时态变化 直接引语中的时态 间接引语中的时态 一般现在时（Mr. Li said ,“I am from China. ” 一般过去时(Mr. Li said that he was from China.) 现在进行时(Tom said,“I am swimming.”) 过去进行时 Tom said that he was swimming.) 现在完成时 Lin said,“Joy has been to London twice.” 过去完成时（Lin said that Joy had been to London twice.） 一般将来时“I will help you.”he said. 过去将来时 He said that he would help me. 现在完成进行时：“He has been teaching since 2000.” Kate said to me. 过去完成进行时Kate told me that he had been teaching since 2000. 一般过去时“Lala lived here years ago.” Leon said. 过去完成时 (Leon said that Lala had lived there years before. 【注意】：在以下几种情况中，直接引语改为间接引语后的时态不变。 直接引语是客观真理时。 如：He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes around the sun． 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。 如：Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ” Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972. 3. 当直接引语是过去完成时态时。 如：She said,“They had left when I arrived there. ” She said they had left when she arrived there. 4. 当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。 如： She says, “Miss Liu is good at English.”------She says Miss Liu is good at English. 5. 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。如：He said, “ Where there is a will,there is a way. ”-------He said that where there is a will, there is a way. 6. 当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。“The plane takes off at 3:50 pm.” Bill said. Bill said the plane takes off at 3:50 pm. 2) 人称代词或指示代词的变化【通常情况下，如下表】 直接引语代词 I we you me us this these 间接引语代词 he/ she they I him/ her them that thos