谷子免间苗技术的土壤水分阈值研究.docVIP

谷子免间苗技术的土壤水分阈值研究 　　摘 要：目的：研究土壤水分、水势与谷子出苗率的关系，为生产应用谷子免间苗技术提供理论依据。方法：选用2种谷子品种（晋谷29号、张杂谷5号），在不同土壤水分条件下研究谷子的出苗规律及基本全苗的水分临界阈值，同时利用土壤水分特征曲线分析土壤水势对谷子出苗的影响。结果：出苗率达到80%以上的土壤水分可作为应用谷子免间苗技术的适宜播种指标，褐土性壤质土表层含水量需达到11.8%，田间持水量达到55%以上，土壤水势大于-2.15巴。结论：该研究可以为谷子免间苗技术的实施提供科学依据。 　　关键词：谷子；免间苗；出苗率；土壤含水量；土壤水势 　　中图分类号 S515 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2016）24-0035-04 　　Study on Soil Moisture Threshold of Realization of Millet Free Thinning 　　Huang Xuefang et al. 　　（Dryland Agriculture Research Center，Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Taiyuan 030006，China） 　　Abstract：Purpose：In order to study relationships of soil moisture content and soil water potential and emergence rate of millet，and provide scientific basis for millet free thinning technology on production. Method：It studied the regulations of millet emergence and soil moisture threshold of millet which had the full emergence of two different kind of millet varieties which were Jingu29 and Zhangzagu5 under different soil moisture content，meanwhile，it used the soil water characteristic curve to analyse the effect of soil water potential on millet emergence. Results：The results showed，when the surface moisture content of cinnamon soil of loamy soil reached 11.8%，and the field capacity reached above 55%，and soil water potential was more than -2.15bar，the millet emergence rate could reach more than 80%，and these index could be used as the optimal sowing indicators for the technology of millet free thinning.Conclusions：So it would support scientific basis for carrying out millet free thinning technology. 　　Key words：Millet；Free thinning；Emergence rate；Soil moisture content；Soil water potential 　　谷子属禾本科（Gramineae）狗尾草属，起源于中国，具有抗旱耐瘠薄、适应性广的特点，是北方旱地主要的适生优势作物，被誉为抗灾救荒作物[1]。土壤水分对谷子出苗影响很大，“苗全、苗齐、苗壮”是实现谷子免间苗技术的基本要求。生产中“保苗”与“间苗”是一对互相矛盾的事情，为保证谷子全苗，农民常采用大播量方式（15～30kg/hm2）[2]，但间苗又成为了一大问题，因为出苗数是留苗数的几倍甚至十几倍。为降低谷子“间苗”劳动强度，一些研究人员提出了少量、精量播种技术[2-6]，总体上是通过减少播种量的方式实现谷子少间苗或免间苗。但若播种量减少，会提高缺苗断垄的风险，苗数不足将影响到谷子免间苗技术的应用效果。作物种子从萌发到出苗的生育进程中，受土壤水分、温度、通气等多种因素的影