初中英语新课标八年级unit知识整理.docVIP

A?tropical cyclone?is a?storm system?characterized by a large?low-pressure?center and numerous?thunderstorms?that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Tropical cyclones strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated?air?rises, resulting in?condensation?of?water vapor?contained in the moist air. They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such as?noreasters,?European windstorms, and?polar lows. The characteristic that separates tropical cyclones from other cyclonic systems is that at any height in the atmosphere, the center of a tropical cyclone will be warmer than its surrounds; a phenomenon called warm core storm systems. The term tropical refers to both the geographic origin of these systems, which form almost exclusively in?tropicalregions of the globe, and their formation in?maritime tropical air masses. The term cyclone refers to such stormscyclonic?nature, with?counterclockwise?rotation in the?Northern Hemisphere?and clockwise rotation in the?Southern Hemisphere. The opposite direction of spin is a result of the?Coriolis force. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as?hurricane,?typhoon,?tropical storm While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential?rain, they are also able to produce high waves and damaging?storm surge?as well as spawning?tornadoes. They develop over large bodies of warm water, and lose their strength if they move over land due to increased surface friction and loss of the warm ocean as an energy source. This is why coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds. Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal?flooding?up to 40?kilometres (25?mi) from the coastline. Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones