Britain history 1.ppt

British HistoryⅠ 组员：林银凤 丁玲洁 赵芳 俞少娟 Roman Britain The Heptarchy Anglo-Saxon England The Kingdom of England Roman Britain Roman Britain, referred to by the Romans as Britannia, was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire from 43 until c. 410. The first extensive Roman campaigns in Britain were by the armies of Julius Caesar in 55 and in 54 BC,but the first significant campaign of conquest did not begin until AD 43, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius. The first expedition, more a reconnaissance than a full invasion, gained a foothold on the coast of Kent but, undermined by storm damage to the ships and a lack of cavalry, was unable to advance further. The expedition was a military failure, but was at least a political success. The Roman Senate declared a 20-day public holiday in Rome in honour of the unprecedented achievement of obtaining hostages from Britain and defeating Belgian tribes on returning to the continent. The Heptarchy The Heptarchy is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, conventionally identified as seven: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England. The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were: Wessex East Anglia Mercia Northumbria The other main kingdoms which were conquered by other entirely at some point in their history are: Kent Sussex Essex Anglo-Saxon England Anglo-Saxon England refers to the period of the history of the part of Britain that became known as England, lasting from the end of Roman occupation and establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Norman conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror. Anglo-Saxon is a general term referring to the Germanic peoples who came to Britain during the 5th and 6th centuries, including Angles, Saxons, Frisii and Jute