organizational level.pptVIP

many managers usually underestimate—or ignore completely—the effect that the structure and systems of the organization have on how people behave . A common mistake: Catalogue the structure of the organization the culture of the organization the management systems and practices operating in the organization change management summary The Structure of the Organization Complexity：to what extent are activities broken up? Formalization：how much are rules and procedures used? Centralization：to what extent is decision-making kept at a central headquarters unit? Classic Way of Looking at Organizational Structure The Culture of the Organization Organizational culture is something they cannot define, but they know it when they see it. The Culture of the Organization Organizational culture can often have a more powerful influence on behavior than the formal structures and systems. For example: Peer Pressure However great the incentive pay However good the reward system Norms of low effort and low performance what you will get Management Systems and Practices Management Systems and Practices Decision-Making Systems Human resource management systems others Strong Effects Decision-Making Systems How are decisions made in your company? Are they made on an ad hoc, intuitive basis, or are they based on facts and information? Are the decisions made from the top down, or is decision making participative? How are decisions evaluated? Decision-Making Systems Participation in decision-making has been shown to improve motivation and job satisfaction and reduce turnover and absenteeism. Top-down directives may be quick and easy, but they may miss some critical points that only the people on the front line know. participation does not mean democracy. Top management is still ultimately responsible for the decisions . Decision-Making Systems The employees are likely to make decision in the same way as the managers do. e.g. It is difficult to pers