小麦籽粒生长期热效应研究.PDFVIP

第 14卷第 3期 2 0 0 6年 7月 中 国 生 态 农 业 学 报 Chinese Journal of Eco—Agriculture Vo1．14 No．3 July， 2006 小麦籽粒生长期热效应研究* 张英华 王志敏 “ (中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院 北京 100094) 摘 要 试验研究小麦籽粒生长期热效应结果表明，小麦开花后热胁迫降低同化源供应，影响库性能，进而影响产 量和 品质。不 同热胁迫形式和不 同热胁迫时期对籽粒生 长的影 响不 同。 中等高温(25～32℃ )下籽粒灌 浆持续期 缩短 ，籽 粒重下降；极端高温(33～40C)下籽粒灌 浆速 率的降低 和籽 粒灌 浆持 续期的缩短相伴 发生 ，最终 籽粒重 明 显降低。非叶器官具有较高的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)等 Cd途径酶活性，其光合耐热性高于叶片。籽粒 可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)对高温胁迫 极为敏感 ，该酶活性 的降低是 热胁 迫下 粒重下 降的重要机 制。发挥非 叶器 官 Cd光合活性，增强籽粒SSS耐热性是热胁迫下稳定粒重的重要途径。 关键词 小麦 籽粒生长 热效应 品质 The effect of heat stress on grain growth in the growing period of wheat．ZHANG Ying-Hua，WANG Zhi—Min(Colege of Agronomy and Bioteehnology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100094，China)，CJEA，2006，14(3)：8～11 Abstract The effect of heat stress in the grain—growing period of wheat was studied．The results show that post—anthesis high temperature influences the grain yield and the quality of wheat by altering the source and sink functions．The effects of high temperature on the grain growth depend on the timing of heat exposure and the degree of heat stress．Under the moderately high temperature(25～32C)，the grain mass primarily reduces by reducing the duration of grain filling．Under the very high temperature(33～40℃)，the filing rate decreases and the sustainable period of filing shortens，finaly the grain weight decreases significantly．Soluble starch synthase(SSS)is very sensitive to high temperature．It is shown that the reduction in the rate of grain growth at high temperature is mainly due to the reduced activity of SSS．Compared with leaf blades，the non—leaf green organs in wheat posess higher levels of e photosynthetic enzymes and have greater heat toler— ance in photosynthesis．Therefore，in order to improve the grain yield of wheat under high temperature conditions，it is im— portant to strengthen the role of non—leaf organs in photosynthetic source and increase the activity of SSS in grain sink． Key words Wheat，Grain growth，Effect of heat，stres，Qualty (Received July 18，