论欧阳德独知说的三个层次.pdfVIP

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论欧阳德独知说的三个层次.pdf

论欧阳德独知说的三个层次 董甲河 (江西农业大学 政治学院,江西 南昌 330045) 摘 要:欧阳德的独知说以儒家经典与王阳明圣言量为主要依据,为了纠正学者多重闻见之知之弊,发挥 《大学》独知说之要义;为了纠正学者滞有之弊,提出良知虚灵说,突显良知的无滞性;为了纠正学者对于良 知的认知误区,区分良知与知觉、良知与知识见闻之间的差异。与王阳明以致良知说纠正朱子学说造成学者 向心外求理误区之对策不同,欧阳德针对学者体认王阳明致良知说出现向心内求理的误区。他从王阳明圣言 量中抽离出独知说,减弱了王阳明致良知说的圆融性,呈现出单一化的特质。 关键词:欧阳德;独知说;良知虚灵;知觉;知识见闻 中图分类号:B248 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673 6133 (2016)02 0018 06 Three Levels of Ouyang De's Thought of Unique Knowledge DONG Jia-he (School of Political Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China) Abstract:On the basis of Confucian classics and Wang Yangming's holy words,Ouyang De's thought of unique knowl edge plays an important role in correcting scholars'superficial knowledge in The Great Learning.To correct scholars'lag in knowledge,he proposed the concept of ethereal intuitive knowledge,which highlights the non obstruction of the in tuitive knowledge.Furthermore,to correct the misunderstanding of the intuitive knowledge,he helped distinguish the difference between the intuitive knowledge and the perception,as well as the intuitive knowledge and the knowledge. Different from Wang Yangming who corrected Zhu Xi's fellow scholars from seeking truth from outside of the mind with the thought of intuitive knowledge,Ouyang De extracted the thought of unique knowledge from Wang Yangming's holy words,weakened the thoroughness of Wang Yangming's thought of intuitive knowledge,and highlight the feature of u niqueness,so as to correct Wang Yangming's fellow scholars from seeking truth from inside the mind. Key words:Ouyang De;unique knowledge;intuitive knowledge;perception;knowledge 欧阳德(1496 ~1554 年),字崇一,号南野,江 西泰和人,江右王门主要代表人物之一。他年少举 乡试,后于虔台从学于王阳明。王阳明深器之,常 以“小秀才”呼之。据王龙溪《欧阳南野先生文选》 载,欧阳德“沉粹慧敏,才足以达,素为先师所授 记”[1]854。他属于聪慧之人,与王阳明相契。欧阳 德受其师之点化,结合当时学者体认良知出现的流 弊,逐渐形成独知说特质。笔者主要从独知、良知 虚灵、良知与知觉及知识见闻三个层次论述欧阳德 的独知说。 一、独知 关于欧阳德的良知说,王龙溪在《欧阳南野先 生文选·序》中概括为:“先师尝谓:‘独知无有不 良。’南野子每与同志论学,多详于独知之说。好 好色,恶恶臭,乃其感应之真机;戒自欺,以求自慊, 即所以为慎独也。集中无非斯义,所谓卓然之信, 超然之悟,盖庶几焉!”[1]854王龙溪认为,欧阳德与 同志论学,多主独知说,源自于王阳明的“独知无

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