中山大学《细胞生物学》相关问题的分析 英文原文：science.Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome.pdfVIP

/ / 20 May 2010 / Page 1 / 10.1126/science.1190719 We report the design, synthesis and assembly of the 1.08- Mbp Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 genome starting from digitized genome sequence information and its transplantation into a Mycoplasma capricolum recipient cell to create new Mycoplasma mycoides cells that are controlled only by the synthetic chromosome. The only DNA in the cells is the designed synthetic DNA sequence, including “watermark” sequences and other designed gene deletions and polymorphisms, and mutations acquired during the building process. The new cells have expected phenotypic properties and are capable of continuous self-replication. In 1977, Sanger and colleagues determined the complete genetic code of phage φX174 (1), the first DNA genome to be completely sequenced. Eighteen years later, in 1995, our team was able to read the first complete genetic code of a self- replicating bacterium, Haemophilus influenzae (2). Reading the genetic code of a wide range of species has increased exponentially from these early studies. Our ability to rapidly digitize genomic information has increased by more than eight orders of magnitude over the past 25 years (3). Efforts to understand all this new genomic information have spawned numerous new computational and experimental paradigms, yet our genomic knowledge remains very limited. No single cellular system has all of its genes understood in terms of their biological roles. Even in simple bacterial cells, do the chromosomes contain the entire genetic repertoire? If so, can a complete genetic system be reproduced by chemical synthesis starting with only the digitized DNA sequence contained in a computer? Our interest in synthesis of large DNA molecules and chromosomes grew out of our efforts over the past 15 years to build a minimal cell that contains only essential genes. This work was inaugurated in 1995 when we sequenced the genome from Mycoplasma genitalium, a bact