2012公英语等级考试语法全解析.doc

2012公共英语等级考试语法全解析(一) 人称代词 　　主格： I we you she he it they　宾格： me us you her him it them 　　形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 　　名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 　　2.形容词和副词的比较级 　　(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er　older taller longer stronger, etc 　　(2) 多音节词前+more　more interesting, etc. 　　(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er　　bigger fatter, etc. 　　(4) 把y变i，再+er　heavier, earlier 　　(5) 不规则变化： 　　well-better, much/many-more, etc. 　　3.可数词的复数形式 　　Most nouns + s a book –books 　　Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories 　　Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches 　　Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes 　　Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 　　4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)　bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 　　5. 缩略形式 　　I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is 　　it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 　　6. a/an　a book, a peach　an egg an hour 　　7. Preposition:　on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 　　表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast 　on Monday on 15th July On National Day 　　in the evening in December in winter 　　8. 基数词和序数词 　　one – first two-second twenty-twentieth 　　9. Some /any 　I have some toys in my bedroom. 　　Do you have any brothers or sisters? 　　10. be 动词　(1) Basic form: am/are/is　(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. 　　My eyes are(not) small.　My hair is(not) long. 　　(3)一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. 　　Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. 　　Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 　　11. there be 结构 　　肯定句： There is a …　There are … 　　一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. 　　Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.　否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 　　12. 祈使句 Sit down please　Don’t sit down, please. 1. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 　　形式： be + verb +ing 　　eg: I am(not) doing my homework. 　　You/We/They are(not) reading. 　　He/She/It is(not) eating. 　　动词 —ing 的形式 　　Most verbs +ing walk—walking 　　Verbs en