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Abundance gradient in Local Group galaxies using Asymptotic Giant Branch stars.pdf

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Abundance gradient in Local Group galaxies using Asymptotic Giant Branch stars

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 4 0 7 3 9 7 v 1 1 9 J u l 2 0 0 4 Abundance gradient in Local Group galaxies using Asymptotic Giant Branch stars Maria–Rosa Cioni1 ESO, Karl–Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D–85748 Garching bei Mu?nchen, Germany Abstract. Simultaneous IJKs observations allow us to statistically select AGB stars, both M and C type, from RGB and younger or foreground stars in nearby galaxies. Regions of different metallicity identified from the distribution of the C/M ratio show a considerable variation across the surface of the Magellanic Clouds and NGC 6822. 1 Introduction Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars are useful indicators of the properties of a galaxy. They trace the intermediate–age population (between 1 and several Gyr), are often the brightest and isolated objects and can be observed beyond a Mpc. Furthermore, because there are two kinds of AGB stars: oxygen-rich (O-rich or M-type) and carbon-rich (C-rich or C-type), their ratio is a powerful indicator of metallicity. AGB stars are found mostly in Irregular, Spiral and Elliptical galaxies in the Local Group. In particular there are about 30000 AGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), about 8000 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and about 3000 in the central region of NGC 6822. A handful of AGB stars are also found in some Spheroidal and Dwarf Spheroidal galaxies. It is important, for the purpose of this paper to remember that there are more C-rich AGB stars in metal poor systems. Since 1981 Pagel wrote that metal abundance in external galaxies exhibits radial gradients. Searches for AGB stars in the solar neighborhood ([16]), the Magellanic Clouds ([2]) and Baade’s Window ([12]) have shown that the C/M ratio correlates with metallicity in the sense: a higher ratio corresponds to a lower metallicity. Theoretically the C/M ratio indicates the metallicity of a system because in a metal poor environment the location of the giant branch shifts to warmer temperatures and less carbon atoms are