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Cellular basis for the response to second-order motion cues in Y retinal ganglion cells.pdf

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Cellular basis for the response to second-order motion cues in Y retinal ganglion cells

Neuron, Vol. 32, 711–721, November 20, 2001, Copyright ?2001 by Cell Press Cellular Basis for the Response to Second-Order Motion Cues in Y Retinal Ganglion Cells et al., 1999). Here we report that the Y cell does indeed respond to the fine-scale contrast modulations in a sec- ond-order motion stimulus. The response arises from Jonathan B. Demb,1 Kareem Zaghloul, and Peter Sterling Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine an interaction between the rectifying synapse of a bipo- lar cell and the inhibitory synapse of a spiking amacrinePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 cell. Thus, we propose a novel pathway for computing second-order motion that begins with rectification in the subunits of a Y cell; by combining the outputs of multipleSummary Y cells, second-order motion could be computed di- rectly by a direction-sensitive cell in cortex or tectum.We perceive motion when presented with spatiotem- poral changes in contrast (second-order cue). This requires linear signals to be rectified and then summed Results in temporal order to compute direction. Although both operations have been attributed to cortex, rectification Intracellular Recording of the Y Cell might occur in retina, prior to the ganglion cell. Here We studied responses to cues for first- and second- we show that the Y ganglion cell does indeed respond order motion by recording intracellularly from the Y to spatiotemporal contrast modulations of a second- (“brisk-transient”) ganglion cell in an in vitro preparation order motion stimulus. Responses in an OFF ganglion of the intact guinea pig retina (Cleland et al., 1971; cell are caused by an EPSP/IPSP sequence evoked Hochstein and Shapley, 1976; Demb et al., 1999, 2001). from within the dendritic field; in ON cells inhibition These cells were selected as the largest somas (20–25 is indirect. Inhibitory effects, which are blocked by m diameter) comprising about 3%–5% of the cell bod- tetrodotoxin, clamp the response near rest