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Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane
626 Am J Clin Nutr !994;59:626-30. Printed in USA. C 1994 American Society for Clinical Nutrition
Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane
excretion in healthy volu nteers1
Ivo P van Munster, Hilde M de Boer, Margje C Jansen, Anton F de Haan, Martijn B Katan,
Johan M van Amelsvoort, and Fokko M Nagengast
ABSTRACT Colonic fermentation of dietary carbohy-
drates and fiber might produce a protective effect against the
development of large bowel cancer. Resistant starch, ie, starch
that escapes small bowel digestion, is a candidate fermentable
substrate that has been hitherto little studied. We supple-
mented 19 healthy volunteers with 15 g native amylomaize
(Hylon-Vil) three times a day, containing 28 g type II resistant
starch, or with dextrins as a placebo for 7 d in a crossover
design. Pre-experimentally, 11 subjects regularly produced
breath methane and 8 did not. Resistant starch increased 24-h
integrated excretion of breath hydrogen. The mean rise rela-
tive to placebo was 35% (P = 0.03) for all subjects and 60%
for eight subjects not producing methane (P = 0.02). The 11
methane producers showed a 93% increase in breath-methane
excretion on resistant starch (P = 0.03). Continued consump-
tion of 28 g type II resistant starch/d is well tolerated and
increases colonic fermentation in healthy volunteers. Am
J Clin Nutr 1994;59:626-30.
KEY WORDS Resistant starch, fermentation, hydrogen,
methane, colon cancer, human diet, experiment
Introduction
Starchy foods such as wheat, potatoes, and cassava are the
main source of energy in most human diets. Cooking serves to
release starch from the granules in which it is stored, and makes
it available for digestion. Dietary starch is largely hydrolyzed and
absorbed in the small bowel but a part is resistant to digestion,
depending on the processing and type of starch (1-3). This re-
sistant starch fraction enters the cecum and is a potential substrate
for fermentation (1, 4). Fiber is another important source
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