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Unit commitment with vehicle-to-Grid using particle swarm optimization
Unit Commitment with Vehicle-to-Grid using
Particle Swarm Optimization
Ahmed Yousuf Saber, Member, IEEE and Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract— Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has drawn great
interest in the recent years. Success of the V2G research depends
on efficient scheduling of gridable vehicles in limited parking
lots. V2G can reduce dependencies on small expensive units in
the existing power systems as energy storage that can decrease
running costs. It can efficiently manage load fluctuation, peak
load; however, it increases spinning reserves and reliability. As
number of gridable vehicles in V2G is much higher than small
units of existing systems, unit commitment (UC) with V2G is
more complex than basic UC for thermal units. Particle swarm
optimization (PSO) is used to solve the UC with V2G, as PSO can
reliably and accurately solve complex constrained optimization
problems easily and quickly without any dimension limitation and
physical computer memory limit. In the proposed model, binary
PSO is used to optimize the on/off states of power generating
units and in the same model, discrete version of PSO is used to
optimize the scheduling of the gridable vehicles in the parking
lots to reduce the dimension of the problem. Finally, simulation
results show a considerable amount of profit for using V2G
after proper UC with V2G scheduling of gridable vehicles in
constrained parking lots.
Index Terms— Unit commitment, V2G, particle swarm opti-
mization, gridable vehicles, generating units, parking lots, profit.
I. INTRODUCTION
UNIT commitment (UC) involves efficiently schedulingon/off states of all available resources in a system.
Unit commitment with vehicle-to-grid (UC-V2G) involves
intelligently scheduling existing generating units and large
number of gridable vehicles for V2G technology in limited
and restricted parking lots so that maximum benefit can be
achieved. In addition to fulfill a large number of practical
constraints, the opti
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