教材-直接引语间接引语-20130315-BettyShe.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 一、定义： 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式： 一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内； 另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。 二 、句型结构及区别： 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 例如： Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语） Mr. Black said he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）三.用法： 陈述句：直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态等要作相应变化。 ⒈人称的变化 He said, “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。” → He said he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 2.时态的变化 ⑴如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。 例如：① “I am staying at a Youth Hostel. ” （直接引语） He says he is staying at a Youth Hostel.间接引语） ② “I have just arrived in Scotland. ” （直接引语） He says he has just arrived in Scotland. 间接引语） ⑵如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。 直接引语转换间接 引语时时态的变化 例 句 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时→ 一般过去时 She said, “I am a teacher.” She said she was a teacher. 现在进行时→ 过去进行时 He said, “I am using the knife.” He said he was using the knife. 一般过去时→ 过去完成时 He said, “I saw the film.” He said he had seen the film. 现在完成时→ 过去完成时 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” She said she had not heard from him since May. 一般将来时→ 过去将来时 Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.” Zhou Lan said she would do it after class. 过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said he had finished his homework before supper. can,may,will( going going to) must→ could, might, would, had to He said, “He may return at six o’clock. ” He said(that) he might return at six o’clock. 客观真理不变 He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said light travels much faster than sound. 3. 其它代词的变化 物主代词的变化 You should not overlook your fault, Mum said to me. → Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault. 妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。 The two boys said, We have lost ur dog. → The two boys said they had lost their dog. 这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。 指示代词的变化 直接引语中的指示代词 this these 间接引语中的指示代词 that those She said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. → She said that that wa the house in