Flow patterns past two circular cylinders in proximity.pdf

Computers Fluids 38 (2009) 778–788Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers Fluids journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate /compfluidFlow patterns past two circular cylinders in proximity Kyongjun Lee, Kyung-Soo Yang * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Koreaa r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 18 February 2008 Received in revised form 6 June 2008 Accepted 24 July 2008 Available online 5 August 2008 Keywords: Circular cylinder Immersed boundary method Flow pattern Vortex shedding Wake interaction0045-7930/$ - see front matter  2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/pfluid.2008.07.005 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 32 860 7322; fax E-mail address: ksyang@inha.ac.kr (K.-S. Yang).a b s t r a c t Flow patterns past two nearby circular cylinders of equal diameter immersed in the cross-flow at low Reynolds numbers (Re 6 160), were numerically studied using an immersed boundary method. We con- sidered all possible arrangements of the two cylinders in terms of the distance between the two cylinders and the inclination angle of the line connecting the cylinder centers with respect to the direction of the main flow. Ten distinct flow patterns were identified in total based on vorticity contours and streamlines, which are Steady, Near-Steady, Base-Bleed, Biased-Base-Bleed, Shear-Layer-Reattachment, Induced-Sep- aration, Vortex-Impingement, Flip-Flopping, Modulated Periodic, and Synchronized-Vortex-Shedding. Collecting all the numerical results obtained, we propose a general flow-pattern diagram for each Re, and a contour diagram on vortex-shedding frequency for each cylinder at Re = 100. The perfect symmetry implied in the geometrical configuration allows one to use these diagrams to identify flow pattern and vortex-shedding frequencies in the presence of two circular cylinders of equal diameter arbitrarily posi- tioned in physical space with respect to the main-flow direction.