Pion Interferometry for a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets.pdf

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Pion Interferometry for a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets.pdf

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Pion Interferometry for a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 0 4 0 9 0 1 3 v 1 2 S e p 2 0 0 4 Pion Interferometry for a Granular Source of Quark-Gluon Plasma Droplets W. N. Zhang1,2, M. J. Efaaf1, and Cheuk-Yin Wong2,3 1Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, P. R. China 2Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A. 3Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A. (Dated: February 7, 2008) We examine the two-pion interferometry for a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets. The evolution of the droplets is described by relativistic hydrodynamics with an equation of state suggested by lattice gauge results. Pions are assumed to be emitted thermally from the droplets at the freeze-out configuration characterized by a freeze-out temperature Tf . We find that the HBT radius Rout decreases if the initial size of the droplets decreases. On the other hand, Rside depends on the droplet spatial distribution and is relatively independent of the droplet size. It increases with an increase in the width of the spatial distribution and the collective-expansion velocity of the droplets. As a result, the value of Rout can lie close to Rside for a granular quark-gluon plasma source. The granular model of the emitting source may provide an explanation to the RHIC HBT puzzle and may lead to a new insight into the dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma phase transition. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q, 25.75.Nq, 25.75.Gz Recent experimental pion HBT measurements at RHIC give the ratio of Rout/Rside ≈ 1 [1, 2] which is con- trary to many theoretical expectations [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. This RHIC HBT puzzle hints that the pion emitting time may be very short [9, 10]. Various models have been put forth to explain the HBT puzzle [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. In this paper, we propose a simple model of a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets [17, 18, 19, 20, 21] to explain the puzzle. The possible occurrence of a granu- lar structu