獨立主格结构及其用法.pptVIP

独立主格结构及其用法 独立主格? （一）： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。　 （二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 独立主格结构 大家知道，独立主格结构是由两部分构成的词组组成。第一部分一般由名词、名词词组或代词担任，第二部分由动词的非谓语形式( 动词不定式、现在分词短语和过去分词短语)、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语担任。这两部分在逻辑意义上有主谓关系，即第一部分是第二部分的逻辑主语。例如： The question settled, they went to have their lunch. The weather ( being ) fine, we decided to go on an outing.. The teacher came in, book in hand. The man lay there, his hands trembling. 独立主格结构在句子中可担任不同的句子成分。例如： The question rather difficult, we must spend more time considering it carefully.( 表示原因 ) 此句可改写为: As the question is rather difficult, we must spend more time considering it carefully. Weather permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.(表示条件) 此句可改写为：If weather permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 独立主格结构根据其不同词类的搭配可归纳如下： 1. 名词(或代词)+现在分词短语； 在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与现在分词短语之间为主动关系。例如： It being Sunday, they had no classes. 此句可改写为：As it was Sunday, they had no classes. The bell ringing, all the students entered the classroom. 此句可改写为：As soon as the bell rang, all the students entered the classroom. 2. 名词(或代词)+过去分词短语； 在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与过去分词之间为被动关系。 例如： Everything taken into consideration, he is the most suitable person for the job. 此句可改写为：If everything is taken into consideration, he is the most suitable person for the job. Her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping. 此句可改写为：As her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping. 3. 名词(或代词)+动词不定式； 在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与动词不定式之间为主动关系，动词不定式表示将来。例如： The students were divided into three groups, each to finish one third of the work. 此句可改写为：The students were divided into three groups, and each (group) would finish one third of the work. Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. 此句可改写为：Here are the first three volumes, and the fourth one will come out next month. He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 此句可改写为：He suggested going for a picnic and