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Discovery of a Young Substellar Companion in Chamaeleon
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Draft version February 5, 2008
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 6/22/04
DISCOVERY OF A YOUNG SUBSTELLAR COMPANION IN CHAMAELEON
K. L. Luhman1, J. C. Wilson2, W. Brandner3, M. F. Skrutskie2, M. J. Nelson2, J. D. Smith4, D. E. Peterson2, M.
C. Cushing4, and E. Young4
Draft version February 5, 2008
ABSTRACT
During an imaging survey of the Chamaeleon I star-forming region with the Advanced Camera for
Surveys aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, we have discovered a candidate substellar companion to
the young low-mass star CHXR 73 (τ ～ 2 Myr, M ～ 0.35 M⊙). We measure a projected separation
of 1.′′30 ± 0.′′03 for the companion, CHXR 73 B, which corresponds to 210 AU at the distance of
the cluster. A near-infrared spectrum of this source obtained with the Cornell Massachusetts Slit
Spectrograph at the Magellan II telescope exhibits strong steam absorption that confirms its late-
type nature (M9.5). In addition, the gravity-sensitive shapes of the H- and K-band continua
demonstrate that CHXR 73 B is a young, pre-main-sequence object rather than a field star. The
probability that CHXR 73 A and B are unrelated members of Chamaeleon I is ～ 0.001. We estimate
the masses of CHXR 73 B and other known substellar companions in young clusters with a method
that is consistent with the dynamical measurements of the eclipsing binary brown dwarf 2M 0535-
0546, which consists of a comparison of the bolometric luminosities of the companions to the values
predicted by the evolutionary models of Chabrier coworkers and Burrows coworkers. We arrive
at mass estimates of 0.003-0.004, 0.024± 0.012, 0.011+0.01
?0.003, and 0.012
+0.008
?0.005 M⊙ for 2M 1207-3932 B,
GQ Lup B, DH Tau B, and CHXR 73 B, respectively. Thus, DH Tau B and CHXR 73 B appear to
be the least massive companions to stars outside the solar system that have been detected in direct
images, and may have masses that are within the range observed fo
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