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Discovery of a Transient X-ray Source in the Compact Stellar Nucleus of NGC 2403
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Submitted to Astrophysical Journal
Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 04/03/99
DISCOVERY OF A TRANSIENT X-RAY SOURCE IN THE COMPACT STELLAR NUCLEUS OF
NGC 2403
Mihoko Yukita1, Douglas A. Swartz2, Roberto Soria3, and Allyn F. Tennant4
Submitted to Astrophysical Journal
ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of an X-ray source coincident with the nuclear star cluster at the dynamical
center of the nearby late-type spiral galaxy NGC 2403. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies
from below detection levels, ～1035 erg s?1 in the 0.5 ? 8.0 keV band, to 7×1038 erg s?1 on timescales
between observations of 2 months. The X-ray spectrum is well-fit by an accretion disk model consisting
of multiple blackbody components and corresponding physically to a compact object mass of ～5 M⊙.
No pulsations nor aperiodic behavior is evident in its X-ray light curve on the short timescales of the
individual observations. The X-ray properties of the source are more similar to those of the nuclear
source X-8 in M33, believed to be a low-mass X-ray binary, then to those of the low-luminosity active
galactic nucleus in NGC 4395. The brightness of the nuclear star cluster, MI ～ ?11.8 mag, is typical
of clusters in late-type spirals but its effective radius, re ～ 12 pc, is several times larger than average
indicating a relatively relaxed cluster and a low probability of a central massive object. The cluster has
a mass ～10
6.5 M⊙ and an age of ～1.4 Gyr estimating from its observed colors and brightness.
Subject headings: galaxies: individual (NGC 2403) — galaxies: nuclei — galaxies: star clusters —
galaxies: evolution — X-rays: galaxies — X-rays: binaries
1. INTRODUCTION
Tight correlations have been measured between the
masses of central supermassive black holes in early-type
galaxies and their bulge mass (Magorrian et al. 1998;
Ha?ring Rix 2004), luminosity (Kormendy Richstone
1995), central velocity dispersion (
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