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Increased water storage in North America and Scandinavia from GRACE gravity data.pdf

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Increased water storage in North America and Scandinavia from GRACE gravity data

LETTERS PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2 DECEMBER 2012 | DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1652 Increased water storage in North America and Scandinavia from GRACE gravity data Hansheng Wang1*, Lulu Jia1,2,3, Holger Steffen4,5, Patrick Wu4, Liming Jiang1, Houtse Hsu1, Longwei Xiang1,2, Zhiyong Wang6 and Bo Hu1,2 Space-borne gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) have revealed trends in present- day continental water storage in many parts of the world. In North America and northern Europe, it has been difficult to provide reliable estimates because of the strong background signals of glacial isostatic adjustment1. Attempts to separate the hydrologic signal from the background with numerical models2 are affected by uncertainties in our understanding of the precise glacial history and mantle viscosity3,4. Here we use a combination of GRACE data and measurements from the global positioning system to separate the hydrological signals without any model assumptions. According to our estimates, water storage in central North America increased by 43.0±5.0 Gt yr?1 over the past decade. We attribute this increase to a recovery in terrestrial water storage after the extreme Canadian Prairies drought between 1999 and 2005. We find a smaller rise in water storage in southern Scandinavia, by 2.3±0.8 Gt yr?1. In both North America and Scandinavia, our computed increases in water storage are consistent with long-term observations of terrestrial water level. We suggest that the detected mass gains in terrestrial water storage need to be taken into account in studies on global sea-level rise. Natural and anthropogenic stresses such as climate change, drought and deluge, increasing water use, land use and agricultural practices affect surface- and groundwater resources globally. A small change in the hydrological cycle may have a significant socio-economic impact, which, for example, has recently been observed in the form of groundwater depletion in northwest India probably leading to