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Chapter 8 of The LaTeX Companion, updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright ? 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. This is an updated version of chapter 8 of the LATEX Companion reflecting changes in the AMS-LATEX distribution that made parts of this chapter obsolete. It is based in structure and content on the original documentation in the Companion with obsolete parts corrected but otherwise unchanged and should not be considered as part of a general revision of this book. Chapter 8 of The LaTeX Companion, updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright ? 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 8 of The LaTeX Companion, updated for AMS-LaTeX version 1.2 (Sep. 1st 1997). Copyright ? 1994-97 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. C H A P T E R 8 Higher Mathematics Basic LATEX offers a high level of mathematical typesetting capabilities. How- ever, when complex equations or other mathematical constructs have to be input repeatedly, it is up to you to define new commands or environments to ease the burden of typing. The American Mathematical Society (AMS), recognizing that fact, has sponsored the development of extensions to TEX, known as AMS-TEX. They make the preparation of mathematical compuscripts less time-consuming and the copy more consistent. Recently these extensions were ported to LATEX in the form of a set of packages known as “AMS-LATEX” [?]. As some parts of AMS-TEX had to do with mathematics fonts the corresponding LATEX packages went into a separate distribution called “AMSFonts”, rather than into AMS-LATEX. 8.1 The AMS-LATEX Project AMS-TEX was originally released for general use in 1982. Its main strength is that it facilitates mathematical typesetting, while producing output that sat- isfies the high standards of mathematical publishing. It provides a predefined set of natural commands such as \matrix and \text that make complicated mathematics reasonab