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SCJP Study Notes: Chapter 3 Assignments Page  PAGE 11 of  NUMPAGES 11 Chapter 3 Assignments 1. Stack and Heap – An Overview Instance var and object live on heap Local var live on stack 2. Literals, Assignments and Variables 2.1 Literal Value for All Primitive Types Primitive Integer Literal Decimal Type Octal 0 ~ 7 int eight = 010 nine = 011 HexaDecimal 0 ~ f 0x7FFFFFFF long l = 0xFFFFl Float Pt. Literal float (32 bit) (must suffix f/F) (double by default) double (64 bit) (d/D) Boolean Literal (true/false) NOT 0/1 Character Literal char test = ‘\u004E’; (16 bit unsigned int) char b = 982; //int char c = (char)70000; // cast char d = (char)-98; char c = ‘\”’; float f = 3.2; // ERROR String is object, NOT primitive 2.2 Assignment Operator a literal integer (e.g. 7) is implicitly an int byte a = 27; // OK, max for byte is 127 byte b = (byte)27; // OK, explicit cast = applies to char and short byte b = 3; byte c = 8; byte d = b + c; // ERROR, ‘+’ return int byte d = (byte)(b + c); // OK Primitive Casting Implicit cast = put small thing (byte) into bigger (int) = no need to write code for the cast e.g. int a = 100; long b = a; double d = 100L; Explicit cast = put large thing into smaller container = loss precision e.g. float a = 100.01f; int b = (int)a; int x = 3957.22; // ERROR int x = (int)3957.22; // OK, become 3957 long l = 56L; byte b = (byte)l; // OK byte a = (byte)128; // truncate higher order bit, become –128 byte b = 3; b += 7; // OK b = (byte)(b + 7); // compile ERROR BMW extends Car USE IS-A Test Car c = new BMW( ); // OK BMW b = new Car( ); // ERROR Variable Scope Static var Instance var Local var Block var Common ERROR Attempt to access inst. var from static context (typically from main) class Test { x NOT static int x = 5; public static void main( … ) { x++; } } Attempt to access local var for nested method void go( ) { int