生物专业英语Lesson-5b-Discovering_the_Chemical_Nature_of_the_Gene.pptVIP

lesson Five Discovering the Chemical Nature of the Gene;Warming–up Words and phrases Text Analysis ;Warming–up;DNA sequence;DNA is a Double Helix;1953. Watsosn Crick ;;A;;adenine n. 腺嘌呤;NAD+:烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸;FAD:黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸;2. cytosine n. 胞嘧啶;A double-ring nitrogenous base molecule in DNA and RNA. It is the complementary base of cytosine.;4. thymine n. 胸腺嘧啶;嘧啶;嘌呤;碱基配对;5. DNA polymerase n. DNA 聚合酶;DNA polymerase;6. Double helix n. 双螺旋;1916 - ;Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958);7. nucleoside n. 核苷;核酸 nucleic acid;☉ Nucleoside 核苷;1’;Okazaki fragment [?:kɑ:zɑ:ki:] [fr?gm?nt] n. 冈崎片段;9. one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis n. 一基因一酶假说;1941年，Beadle和Tatum以面包霉（粗糙脉孢霉）用X射线诱变产生营养缺陷型，然后再进行生化途径分析，逐一证明哪种突变型是由哪一种酶的缺陷造成的。例如，有一个突变体不能合成色???酸是由于它不能产生色氨酸合成酶。于是，研究者于1940年提出了“一个基因一种酶”的假说（one gene-one enzyme hypothesis）。 认为基因对性状的控制是通过基因控制酶的合成来实现的。 ;10. one-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis n. 一基因一多肽假说;11. purine n. 嘌呤;[ ,pairimidi:n] ;;13. Replication fork n. 复制叉 ;14. Semiconservative replication n. 半保留复制;15. X-ray diffraction n. X射线衍射;Words and Phrases:;8. one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis n. 一基因一酶假说;2. Text analysis;1.Genes code for particular proteins;Thirty years later Beadle and Ephrussi showed a relationship between particular genes and biosynthetic reactions responsible for eye color in fruit flies.;Next, in a series of classic experiments on the effects of mutations in the bread mold Neurospora crassa, Beadle and Tatum explored the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis- the idea that each gene codes for a particular enzyme.;Their work paved the way for other researchers to elucidate the precise ways in which enzymes affect complex metabolic pathways.;In 1949, in research on the role of hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia, Linus Pauling helped refine the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis into the one-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis.; 决定血红蛋白的基因中一个核酸发生变化，导致血红蛋白的一个氨基酸发生改变，使红细胞变成镰刀状，携带氧气能力降低，因而出现贫血症状。 ;Nucleic acid, originally isolated by Johann Miescher in 1871, was identified as a prime