语法专题16介词.docVIP

湖南省教育科学十一·五 规划立项课题《信息技术环境下英语教学资源的整合》课题研究成果 语法专题十六 介 词 直击高考考点 （1）考情分析：介词主要考查近义词的用法区别，介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。2006年高考试题单项选择中出现介词辨析的考查的计有北京卷、湖南卷、江西卷、福建卷、四川卷、安徽卷、江苏卷七套题。另有相当多的有关介词的考题出现在短文改错中。 （2）命题趋势：未来高考将继续把介词活用、习语及基本用法作为考查重点。 基础知识清单 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。有人说，英语就是介词的语言，姑且不说这说法是否科学，但英语介词的灵活性，想必每个学英语的人都领教过了。本专题就介词作一总结，希望能对备考的师生带来一些帮助。 （1）介词常见习惯用法 种类简单介词at, in, over, on, near, up, by, besides, with…合成介词out of, into, inside, outside, throughout…短语介词according to, because of, in spite of, owing to，along with, by means of, with regard to(关于，涉及)，as regards(至于，关于)…二重介词from behind, from under, under after, except for…分词介词including(包括), concerning(关于), regarding(关于), given(考虑到), considering(考虑到)…介词与其他词类的搭配动词＋介词begin with, die of, lead to, listen to, play with…形容词＋介词afraid of, good at, full of, famous for…名词＋介词attention to, congratulation on, love for…介词短语的构成介词＋名词at home, on Sunday, by the door, at four o‘clock…介词＋代词I‘m sorry I haven’t any money about me.介词＋动名词The heavy rain prevented us from starting early.介词＋副词Since then we haven‘t heard from each other.介词＋介词短语The dog came out from behind the tree.介词＋不定式They had no choice but to wait.介词＋从句We are thinking of what we should next.介词短语的用法作定语The key to the door is lost.作状语We went to the bar for a drink.作表语The wounded soldier is out of danger.作宾语补足语He considered that matter of no importance. （2）介词的句法功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1）作定语：The book on the table is mine. 2）作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法） 3）作表语：My dictionary is in the bag. 4）作宾语补足语：I found him in the office. （3）主要介词区别 介词辨析例句注意1in, on, at1．表示时间的at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关 2．表示均可表示地点，at 用于表示较小的地方及门牌号前；in表示较大的地方；on一般指与线接触。at：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas,