五指山猪生物学特性、易地繁育及遗传多样性研究.pdf

生物多样性 　第 6 卷 ,第 3 期 ,1998 年 8 月 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y　6 (3) :172～179 , August , 1998 五指山猪生物学特性、易地繁育 及遗传多样性研究 收稿日期 :1996 - 06 - 26 ;接受日期 :1998 - 03 - 27 冯书堂 　陈幼春 (中国农业科学院畜牧研究所 , 　北京　100094) 摘　要 　五指山猪是我国濒临灭绝的珍稀品种 ,为保护和利用这一特有种猪基因资源 ,我们开展了易 地繁育和生物学特性及遗传多样性的研究。通过对其生长发育规律、繁殖生理、血液生理生化、遗传标 记、DNA 指纹图谱等项的观察和测试 ,发现五指山猪具有体型小、性成熟早、耐近交繁殖、遗传性较稳 定、肉质好等特点。白细胞分类中淋巴细胞占 77 % ,白细胞抗原 (SLA) 血清学分型中 ,与其它品种之间 存在有差异性。 用人源小卫星探针 3316 和鸡小卫星探针 cMS18 ,对五指山猪及长白猪和枫泾猪进行 DNA 指纹图 比较分析 ,发现五指山猪的 DNA 指纹图相似系数 ,大大高于其它已研究过的正常体型猪种 ,说明它经历 过较高程度的近交 ;以猪的生长激素 ( GH) cDNA 为探针 ,用 EcoRI、EcoRV、Pst I 等酶切基因组 DNA 进行 RFL P 分析时 ,五指山猪均出现了一条深色带 ,而长白猪和枫泾猪未发现。表明五指山猪在生长激素位 点上与正常体型猪种亦存在差异。 关键词 　五指山猪 ,DNA 指纹图 ,限制性酶切片段长度多态性 Studies on the biological characteristics , ex2situ breeding and genetic diversity of Wuzhishan Pig/ FENG Shu2 Tang , CHEN You2Chun Abstract 　Wuzhishan Pig is one of the rare and endangered breeds in China. To protect and utilize the genetic resource of this domestic breed , its breeding , biological characteristics and genetic diversity were studied. The experiments on growth regulation , reproductive performance , blood biochemical index , DNA fingerprinting and genetic markers showed that the Wuzhishan Pig is a breed with small size , early maturity , tolerance to in2 breeding and good meat quality. Its blood biochemical value is similar to human , but the concentration of lym2 phocyte white cell is higher than others (77 % for Wuzhishan Pig , 52 % for standard Pig , 25 %～35 % for hu2 man) , and also there is difference between Wuzhishan Pig and other breeds on the haplotypes of swine lym2 phocyte antigen. Using the human ministatellite 3316 and chicken minisatellite probe cMS18 to test Wuzhishan Pig , Large2white Pig and Fengjing Pig , the Wuzhishan Pig similarity coefficient of DNA fingerprinting is higher than standard Pig. This suggests that the Wuzhishan Pig might under go intensive inbreeding and have high tolerance to inbreeding. Through RFL P analysis with porcine GH cDNA probe , it was found that