汉译英练习探究.ppt

抽象名词译法 为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称为抽象译法。 汉译英过程中，一般说来，表范畴的抽象名词无须译出。 汉语中表示范畴的抽象词语主要有“现象、问题、情况、态度、局面、制度、行为”等。; 1.我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。 译文一：we must pay attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas. 译文二：We should attach importance to the gap between coastal and inland areas. 分析：差距问题进行抽象化处理; 2.我们要与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。 译文一：we must fight against the phenomenon of the corruption and injustice. 译文二：We must fight against corruption and injustice. Notes: 1. 与…作斗争 Fight against 2. 腐败 corruption 3.不公正 injustice; 汉译英中，翻译比较抽象的单词，词组，成语时， 注意词汇的深层逻辑。 比如“春运”，不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季的运输)，而应是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year (春节期间的客运高峰);3.我必须把我的各项政治活动安排得十分紧凑。 译文一：I have to arrange my politics tightly. 译文二：I had to work my political apperances into a very tight schedule.;4.你必须提出一些解决方案。 译文一：You must put forward some solutions. 译文二：You must work out some solutions. 分析：上述例子中，原文用了比较具体的词，往往后面有范畴词，比如“现象”“方案”等，翻译成英语时，都可以用抽象的词语来表达，反倒显的译文干脆利落，符合习惯。 ;5.想起他年轻时的一些事情，他心里感到安慰。 译文一：He felt comfort when recalling his youth. 译文二：It was the memories of his youth that gave him comfort. 分析：汉语注重“具体”，而英语重“抽象”。因此这句在翻译时应注意将划线的词语抽象化，而不能直译为 somethings。 ;6.我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 译文一：I know I would meet with the terrible weather. 译文二：I knew that I would encounter extremes of weather. 分析：“严寒酷暑”在这里是一个抽象名词，它是指一种恶劣的天气，而不能将其分开翻译成“严寒” severe cold ，“酷暑”intense summer . ;7.那辆小汽车是他刚弄到手的值得夸耀的东西。 译文一：He is proud of his new car. 译文二：The car is a proud new acquisition of his. 分析：“东西”泛指各种抽象和具体的事物，这里指“那辆小汽车”，在汉译英的时候做抽象化处理。 ;8.不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。 译文一：Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet. 译文二：Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 分析：汉语中“黄连”和“蜜蜂”这两个具体的形象，代表“苦”和“甜”，而在译文中只是用了抽象译法“bitter”和“sweet”。如果把“黄连”和“蜜蜂”都照搬过来，不仅译文显得冗长，而且外国读者也很难理解译文的意思。 ;9.他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 译文一：He was waiting for her , like an ant on hot bricks. 译文二：He waited for her arrival