高血压病的社区干预进展_学位论文.doc

高血压病的社区干预进展 杨丽霞 摘 要 伴随经济社会的发展，生活方式的改变以及人口的老龄化，高血压病逐渐成为全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题。我国高血压病发病率呈上升趋势，高血压病的防治具有重要意义。关于如何控制高血压病国内外进行了大量的研究，一致认为高血压病流行是一个群体现象，对人群采取适当干预，可有效控制血压，减少并发症。高血压病往往合并多种危险因素，且和危险因素相互协同损害心血管系统。因此，对高血压病的控制不应只局限于降血压本身，更应注重对常见危险因素综合控制，而最有效的方法便是社区干预。针对高血压病的常见危险因素，对病人进行膳食、戒烟、限酒、控制体重、健康指导等干预，可降低高血压病的“三高” （高发病率、高死亡率、高致残率），提高其“三低” （低知晓率、低治疗率、低控制率），有效控制血压，减少并发症。因此，对高血压病患者行社区干预已成为目前控制高血压病的重要手段。 关键词 高血压病；危险因素；社区；干预  ABSTRACT With the development of economy and society, people’s lifeway change and ageing of the population, hypertension has been gradually becoming the important public healthy problem in word. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is significant because the incidence rate of hypertension in china is the upward trend. A large number of studies are taken at home and abroad about how to control hypertension. It is agreed that hypertension is a popular phenomenon of groups of people and taking the appropriate intervention can effectively control blood pressure and reduce complications. Hypertension is always combined with a variety of  HYPERLINK /dangerous/ \t _blank dangerous factors and damages the cardiovascular system with these  HYPERLINK /dangerous/ \t _blank dangerous factors correspondingly. Therefore, the control of hypertension should not be limited to reduce the blood pressure itself, but focused on the control of the common  HYPERLINK /dangerous/ \t _blank dangerous factors. The community-based intervention is the most effective way. For the common  HYPERLINK /dangerous/ \t _blank dangerous factors of Hypertension, the interventions of diet, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, weight control and the healthy guidance and so on can reduce its three highs( high morbidity, high mortality and high disability rate), enhance its three lows( low awareness, low treatment rate and low control rate), effectively control the blood pressure and reduce the complications. Hence, taking the community-based intervention for patients with hypertens