岁寒三友PPT模板-UniversityofAlberta.ppt

The Grammaticalization of Modal Particles in Shanghainese ---The case study of ?i23kɑ?34 ;Two positions of ?i23kɑ?34 ;sentence final: (2) ?i23 kɑ?45 ?i23 kɑ?34 hej stupid hei says ‘Hei says hej’s stupid!’;Sentence final ?i23kɑ?34 that cannot be moved back; S(entence) F(inal) P(article) which expresses the speaker-oriented Force of counter-expectation (Han Shi 2012): (4) ?i23 kɑ?45 ?i23kɑ?34 he stupid SFP ‘He’s stupid (rather than smart)!’;From quotative to SFP: Grammaticalization of ?i23kɑ?34 ;.;.; ?i23 kɑ?3?， sɑ????in23 kɑ?3?， h???? kɑ?3?， nɑ23 lɑ?12h?3? ?u3?mɑ?23 he say someone say bullshit say you are dream Its bullshit that you are all dreaming! (SSC, UofA) ;Han and Shi (2012b): ?i23 ‘he’ carries a feature of [+Subjectivity] and is typically used as an SFP of exaggeration. Verbs of saying in Chinese?SFP e.g. Taiwanese kong (Simpson Wu 2002), Mandarin shuo (Wang, Katz Chen 2003), and Cantonese waa (Chui 1994; Yeung 2006).;verb of saying ? complementizer, cross-linguistically e.g. Egyptian (Gardiner 1957:173), Koranko (Kastenholz 1987:265-336); Vai (Koelle 1968:123); Bemba (Givón 1980:365-6); Ewe (Lord 1989:307-8); Chamling (Ebert 1991:79-80); Buru (Klamer 2000: 78); Lezgian (Haspelmath 1993:367); Negerhollands CD (Stolz 1986:229), etc.;Integration of evaluative clauses as sentence-final particles of the preceding clause (see Wang Yap 2009; Yap, Lam Wang 2009);eryiyi: Stage 1: Clause-1, Clause-2, Clause-3. …, …, [er yi yi]. …, Clause-2i, [thati/and~but finish ASP]. …, Clause-2, [(and~but) that’s it!] Stage 2: …, Clause-2, SFP.;yeyiyi: Stage 1: Clause-1, FOC, Clause-2. Clause-1, ye, [_yi yi] Clause-1, ye, [_finish ASP]. Stage 2: Clause-1, yeyiyi. Clause-1, then. Clause-1 SFP.; Grammaticalization of ?i23kɑ?3?: Quotative?SFP (5) Stage 1: Quotative Clause1+Clause2 (verb of saying, definite source) Stage 2: Clause + Reportive Particle (indefinite source) Stage 3: Clause +