非谓语动词作定语讲解及练习.docVIP

非谓语动词作定语 一．不定式作定语 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示 的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 。 例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。 例如：Lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about. (=There is nothing for us to worry about.) 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。（本结构是高考常考点） 例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things) Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything) Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li. 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。 比较：There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.) There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.) 二．-ing分词作定语 单个的-ing分词作定语一般 ,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等；-ing短语作定语一般 ；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。 例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 或是在说话时该动作 ，否则，要用从句作定语。 例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting (= who was sitting) at this desk yesterday? The man shaking (= who is now shaking) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 三．-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个 动作，-in分词表示一个 动作, -ing分词的被动式则表示一个 的动作。 例如：a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 非谓语动词做定语 Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library. A.