声学超材料在低频减振降噪中的应用评述.pdfVIP

第52 卷第13 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.52 No.13 2 0 1 6 年 7 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Jul. 2 0 1 6 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2016.13.068 声学超材料在低频减振降噪中的应用评述* 吴九汇 马富银 张思文 沈 礼 (西安交通大学机械工程学院 西安 710049) 摘要：低频机械波在传播过程中穿透力强，难以衰减，特别是次声频段的机械波易与机体器官发生共振，对身体造成危害。 为了实现对低频机械波的有效控制，解决现代工业生产和生活中普遍存在的噪声污染问题，结合最近十几年发展起来的声子 晶体和声学超材料，系统地总结和论述通过声子晶体和声学超材料解决低频振动噪声问题的新方法。归纳和总结典型的低频 振动噪声来源和对其进行控制方面存在的一些困难，介绍低频振动噪声的危害。重点概括基于声子晶体禁带特性实现低频振 动噪声被动控制的相关研究工作，主要介绍通过亚波长尺寸特征的杆、薄板和薄膜类结构来实现低频振动和噪声衰减的具体 方法和效果。在声学超材料的理论框架下，讨论薄膜类结构在低频振动噪声衰减中的应用及其优缺点。通过结合实际工程需 要和最新研究动态，对这一领域存在的问题和后续发展趋势进行总结。研究对推动声子晶体和声学超材料在工程实践中的应 用具有一定的引导意义。 关键词：低频振动噪声；声子晶体；声学超材料；薄板结构；弹性薄膜 中图分类号：TB535 Application of Acoustic Metamaterials in Low-frequency Vibration and Noise Reduction WU Jiuhui MA Fuyin ZHANG Siwen SHEN Li (School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049) Abstract ：The low-frequency mechanical wave has stronger penetration capability in dissemination process, so it is hard to be attenuated. Especially in infrasound range, the mechanical wave could resonance with body organs easily, and causing harm to health. In order to effectivly control the low-frequency mechanical wave, the solution for noise pollution problems in modern industrial production and daily life is given, by combining with the phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials that have been developed in last decade. New methods for low-frequency vibration and noise reduction based on phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials are systematically summarized and discussed. Typical sources of low-frequency vibration and noise, the existence difficulties to control it, and the harm